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July 21, 2003
Inkblot passwords










Security freaks tell you that you should always pick a complex, non-intuitive password -- a string of gibberish like "xyk95woi". Most people don't do this. One day, I asked everyone I knew how they'd developed their email passwords. Sure enough, more than half were just using their own last name -- or their birthdate or their cat's name, or something equally as guessable. This is because of a simple human fact: People have trouble remembering long strings of gibberish. They need some sort of mnemonic.

So a couple of Microsoft researchers figured out a funky new technique for generating -- and remembering -- complex, weird passwords. They present you with a string of inkblots, like the one above. You figure out what each one looks like to you; then you use the first and last letter of each to generate a password -- one that is very gibberish-like indeed. For example, if you saw inkblots that looked like a "fly", a "helicopter", a "lung" and a "fish", you'd have "fyhrlgfh" as your password. When you want to log into your email but you've forgotten your password, the software simply shows you the exact same bunch of inkblots -- and you remember the words you thought of.

The thing is, this system is almost completely uncrackable. Why? Because of a another quirk of human cognition: No two people ever think an inkblot looks like the same thing. As a Microsoft report on this notes:

Stubblefield and Simon found out that once we've identified the inkblot we see it the same way every time. And even though people sometimes see similar things in inkblots, they describe it in different ways. For instance, almost all the users in their study identified the inkblot below as some type of flying person. But the users described their flying person differently, such as 'evil flying henchman' or 'flying gardener.'

Mind you, this is also an insanely complicated system -- and as security people will tell you, any security system that's too complex will be abandoned by its users. They'll go back to using their cat's name as a password.

But no, in case you're wondering -- my email isn't "Smokey".


(NOTE: There is a totally killer discussion of the psychology of passwords taking place in the discussion thread on this topic. Go read it now!)

(Thanks to Slashdot for this one!)

Posted by Clive Thompson at July 21, 2003 08:36 PM

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Comments

This is pretty cool. I have about 5 different passwords (with minor variations) that are basically the lines from a song or poem that I like.

Take the first letter from each word. Works the same way, and you don't need an inkblot.

Under the spreading chestnut tree, the village smithy stands. (utscttvss) Just say the line to yourself, and type your password.

Posted by: Dave Buster at July 22, 2003 12:41 PM

Wow, that is an incredibly cool technique! And arguably even better, insofar as virtually *everyone* knows a song they could use. I am totally going to try that for my next password ...

Posted by: Clive at July 22, 2003 12:47 PM

I recall reading somewhere about a system that showed you a recurring set of faces every time you logged in, so that you would come to recognize them.

After a time, instead of a normal password, it would flash three faces on the screen for a fraction of a second, only one of them from the set. Because humans are good at recognizing faces, it is easy to spot which one is "correct." The system can flash faces as many times as necessary for the desired level of security.

This system has the added feature of being non-transferrable: I cannot tell you my password, even if I want to.

Posted by: Jonathan Korman at July 22, 2003 1:33 PM

I tried the "passfaces" system you describe, Jonathan; it worked for a little while, but when I went back after some weeks I couldn't recognize the faces to save my life. The one that works for me is numeral substitution in a familiar word, e.g., if your favorite city is Manhattan, substitute "10" for "tan" and you get Manhat10 -- easily remembered, hard to crack.

Posted by: Ernest Kinsolving at July 22, 2003 1:46 PM

I've never tried that face-recognition one. Intriguing point about how it's uncrackable because, well, you yourself can't explain or describe your password to anyone else!

Ernest, that substitution one is very, very cool. I'd never thought of that before. I myself tend to string together a bunch of short, two- or three-letter alphanumeric sequences that have some mnemonic import for me personally. But that can be hard to manage, and I've forgotten passwords in the past.

These are all incredibly cool suggestions. I should put 'em together on a page of "easy-to-use ways to generate hard-to-crack passwords."

Posted by: Clive at July 22, 2003 2:10 PM

There's essentially four sets of passwords that I use. Firstly, for random registrations and what not, I have two of my "insecure" passwords which are simple words. secondly: over the last while, when I sign up for something I have started to make the password relate to something of the site itself... like, in some cases, the site name itself. The benefit of this is that if the site does prove to be insecure, any cracker will have only one of my passwords and would not be able to use it anywhere else (as the passwords would be different).

My third password is my "secure" password -- and I only use it with a few very private places, like my bank's web-site. It kind of evolved on its own really, and it is a combination that is so familiar to me, I am unlikely to forget it. It is three random letters intermixed with the full combination for the lock I used throughout high-school. I think it's pretty safe.

I think something like this -- something that is so ingrained in my mind -- is a far better solution than the renderings of an ink-blot. I think they are a little TOO subjective. Let's face it, interpretations of inkblots do change over time.

Then again, maybe I'm abnormal as I don't have any difficulty remembering odd passwords.

Posted by: nowak at July 22, 2003 6:09 PM

Ernest, the letter to number swapping might not be as secure as you think. Tan = 10 is probably ok, but some people use things like 3 for E, and 1 for I. Most dictionary based attack tools know this and will do the substitutions. My preferred method of selecting passwords is the song method Dave Buster suggests, and then if you want to add letter to number substitution on top of that you have a very secure system.

But several of the people who've replied to this have ways to generate pretty good passwords which does rather suggest the answer to the problem is teaching people how to pick a good password, rather than yet more obscure technology. Password management systems like Apple's Keychain are possibly also part of the answer, because then you only need to remember one password anyhow.

Posted by: Peter Bagnall at July 22, 2003 6:44 PM

This points to the fundamental problem with passwords as a security mechanism. They were a great solution for Unix sysadmins 30 years ago, who would have only a few and would use them every day, sometimes several times a day.

For people who need to identify themselves to dozens of different systems, and may go weeks or months before revisiting a given system, they simply don't match how the human mind works. (Unless, apparently, you are nowak!)

Mapping the inkblot principle back to conventional passwords thus ultimately represents a failure of imagination. Assuming the research is correct, and people will provide the same distinctive description for an inblot revisiting it much later, why not show a single inkblot and simply ask the user to type in a description of what they see?

Posted by: Jonathan Korman at July 23, 2003 1:05 PM


For PIN numbers, I remember one pin (the first one I ever got) and just add it (without carrying) to the first 4 digits of whatever credit/debit card I'm using. So if my generic PIN is 1234 and my Card number is 9183... my PIN for that card is 0317. For cards I use frequently, I generally just end up knowing the transformed number.

More generally, I think having a random function of standard inputs (maybe the name of a website and your login ID) is a good password solution. If you protect that function well enough (not like me and my PIN algorithm :) ) then blowing any single password is not a problem. For things you use rarely, investing a little effort to reconstruct your password isn't a big deal, IMO. Just off the top of my head, interleaving your name backwards with the first several letters of the website (with the number 3 after the 3rd letter for good measure) should be pretty easy to remember and pretty hard to crack:

oac3mnaazrofn would be my amazon password under this system.

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