Who you gonna believe? Me, or your lying eyes?

I'm coming to this late, but a week ago Matt Bai wrote a superb piece for the New York Times Magazine in which he profiled the linguist George Lakoff -- a man whose analysis of political speech is having a huge impact on the Democrats. Lakoff recently wrote Don't Think of an Elephant, in which he argues that the Republicans have been spectacularly successful in the last 10 years because they have set the language -- the "frames" -- by which political issues in Washington are discussed.
An example? "Tax relief". As Lakoff points out, the phrase presumes that taxes -- any taxes -- are inherently so oppressive that one necessarily craves relief from them. Crafting the perfect phrase has been so important to Republican victories that in 1994, the Republican pollster Frank Luntz wrote a memo called "The 14 Words Never to Use": He urged Republicans to say "exploring for energy" (a positive, upbeat phrase) rather than "drilling for oil" (which sounds dirty and ugly); rather than attack "government", he told them to criticize "Washington".
As Bai reports:
In Lakoff's view, not only does Luntz's language twist the facts of his agenda but it also renders facts meaningless by actually reprogramming, through long-term repetition, the neural networks inside our brains. And this is where Lakoff's vision gets a little disturbing. According to Lakoff, Democrats have been wrong to assume that people are rational actors who make their decisions based on facts; in reality, he says, cognitive science has proved that all of us are programmed to respond to the frames that have been embedded deep in our unconscious minds, and if the facts don't fit the frame, our brains simply reject them. Lakoff explained to me that the frames in our brains can be "activated" by the right combination of words and imagery, and only then, once the brain has been unlocked, can we process the facts being thrown at us.
Yikes. In the end, Bai argues that Lakoff is incorrect. The Democrats, Bai says, are grasping at Lakoff's theories because it allows them to simply write off Bush supporters as "deluded": If only these foolish voters could somehow be persuaded to see the truth of Bush's dismal record, why then, they'd vote for Democrats! And of course, since the Democrats are already right about everything, they don't need to come up with new ideas; they just need only wait for the idiotic public to see things their way.
I think Bai's right about the Democrats. But unfortunately, I think Lakoff's analysis is depressingly correct too. Right now, the problem with politics in America is not that people cannot agree on ideological points: They can't even agree on what the basic facts of reality are. While I think both the left and right in the US bend the truth to make their points, the level of blatant canards that have come out of pro-Republican media and pundits have been absolutely breathtaking in recent years.
One lovely example occurred in January when Ann Coulter was being interviewed on The Fifth Estate -- Canada's main investigative TV show -- and, in the course of criticizing Canada for not sending troops to Iraq, noted that Canada sent troops to Vietnam. Of course, Canada didn't send troops to Vietnam: As with Iraq, Canadian politicians did not buy the justification for the war. But even after the host of The Fifth Estate pointed this out, Coulter refused to believe him. She literally argued about it back and forth. There's a transcript here, and you can watch the video here. It's weirdly fascinating, because Coulter -- at first -- does not actually appear to be lying. Indeed, she looks a bit baffled; she seems to be so deeply committed to her political framework that she genuinely can't imagine there would ever be facts that would contradict her. Then suddenly she seems rather pissed off, because the journalist doesn't let her off the hook.
Posted by Clive Thompson at July 24, 2005 12:32 AM
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Clive,
I was impressed by Matt Bai's article too. Indeed very interesting and useful. The main conclusion that:
- Unity among Congressional Democrat is helping; I agree with that. Indeed that is the case.
- However, unity is helpful while playing a role of opposition party. It is inadequate while articulating constructive alternative policies. That part is still missing with Democrats. So even if opposition tactics help raise doubts about Republicans, it will not translate into votes for Democrats. James Carvillo and gang points that. It will be again TINA - there is not alternative and people will vote to Republicans.
- About the lack of common agreement about facts. Well, that is how the politics is always played. Fight is about setting the agenda. If you start arguing about within a specific agenda, you have already conceded the point. As more media, blogging and communication rich society becomes; politics start to get played at meta and meta level. That is how it will occur.
Thanks,
Umesh.
Posted by: Umesh Patil at July 24, 2005 6:59 PM
It's certainly true that politics has always involved fighting about what the truth is; that was a central agon of Vietnam, too.
Posted by: Clive at July 24, 2005 7:44 PM
I saw Luntz on a Frontline episode about marketing. It just adds to that dishonest feeling I get about political spinners when I see a political consultant on an episode devoted to marketing.
I listed a few of the other "clarifications" that Luntz has had his clients use on my blog
Posted by: Jeff at July 25, 2005 12:40 PM
Isn't what Lakoff proposes blatantly obvious?
The democrats decided (after some research) that a majority of the people who don't vote are more likely to be democrats. So what did they do? They spread commercials and all sorts of other propaganda spewing "VOTE!" until your ears bleed.
What happened then? All of a sudden we have a ton of voters who know absolutely nothing about politics easily swayed in the way Lakoff describes. Since they don't spend enough time finding the real facts about any issues they may just turn on the TV and watch a speech by the president. What do they hear then? Exactly what Lakoff describes.
It would seem that the democrat's campaign to get everyone to vote ended up stabbing themselves in the back. Are they really that ignorant as to wonder why?
Posted by: woot at July 25, 2005 4:29 PM
Reminds me of an article by Arianna Huffington last year: Appealing To Our Lizard Brains: Why Bush Is Still Standing She claims the Reps won in 04 because they used fear-mongering to excite the emotional parts of our brains and short-circuit our logical analysis of the candidates and issues. "Turns out, when it comes to Campaign 2004, it's the neuroscience, stupid!"
Posted by: Matt Hutson at July 29, 2005 1:26 PM
Jeff, yes, the Times piece also muses on Luntz -- and Lakoff's -- motivations.
Woot, that's an interesting analysis.
Matt: Great slogan!
Posted by: Clive at July 29, 2005 4:29 PM
Only a Democrat would complain that "the phrase ['tax relief'] presumes that taxes -- any taxes -- are inherently so oppressive that one necessarily craves relief from them." I mean, duh?
Posted by: Jerry Kindall at August 2, 2005 3:41 PM
Does that mean you think all taxes are thus necessarily oppressive?
How about taxes that pay for police forces and military, to protect the country? Are those sufficiently oppressive that we'd be better off without police, or an army?
Posted by: Clive at August 2, 2005 5:00 PM
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Clive,
I was impressed by Matt Bai's article too. Indeed very interesting and useful. The main conclusion that:
- Unity among Congressional Democrat is helping; I agree with that. Indeed that is the case.
- However, unity is helpful while playing a role of opposition party. It is inadequate while articulating constructive alternative policies. That part is still missing with Democrats. So even if opposition tactics help raise doubts about Republicans, it will not translate into votes for Democrats. James Carvillo and gang points that. It will be again TINA - there is not alternative and people will vote to Republicans.
- About the lack of common agreement about facts. Well, that is how the politics is always played. Fight is about setting the agenda. If you start arguing about within a specific agenda, you have already conceded the point. As more media, blogging and communication rich society becomes; politics start to get played at meta and meta level. That is how it will occur.
Thanks,
Umesh.
Posted by: Umesh Patil
at July 24, 2005 6:59 PM
It's certainly true that politics has always involved fighting about what the truth is; that was a central agon of Vietnam, too.
Posted by: Clive
at July 24, 2005 7:44 PM
I saw Luntz on a Frontline episode about marketing. It just adds to that dishonest feeling I get about political spinners when I see a political consultant on an episode devoted to marketing.
I listed a few of the other "clarifications" that Luntz has had his clients use on my blog
Posted by: Jeff
at July 25, 2005 12:40 PM
Isn't what Lakoff proposes blatantly obvious?
The democrats decided (after some research) that a majority of the people who don't vote are more likely to be democrats. So what did they do? They spread commercials and all sorts of other propaganda spewing "VOTE!" until your ears bleed.
What happened then? All of a sudden we have a ton of voters who know absolutely nothing about politics easily swayed in the way Lakoff describes. Since they don't spend enough time finding the real facts about any issues they may just turn on the TV and watch a speech by the president. What do they hear then? Exactly what Lakoff describes.
It would seem that the democrat's campaign to get everyone to vote ended up stabbing themselves in the back. Are they really that ignorant as to wonder why?
Posted by: woot
at July 25, 2005 4:29 PM
Reminds me of an article by Arianna Huffington last year: Appealing To Our Lizard Brains: Why Bush Is Still Standing She claims the Reps won in 04 because they used fear-mongering to excite the emotional parts of our brains and short-circuit our logical analysis of the candidates and issues. "Turns out, when it comes to Campaign 2004, it's the neuroscience, stupid!"
Posted by: Matt Hutson
at July 29, 2005 1:26 PM
Jeff, yes, the Times piece also muses on Luntz -- and Lakoff's -- motivations.
Woot, that's an interesting analysis.
Matt: Great slogan!
Posted by: Clive
at July 29, 2005 4:29 PM
Only a Democrat would complain that "the phrase ['tax relief'] presumes that taxes -- any taxes -- are inherently so oppressive that one necessarily craves relief from them." I mean, duh?
Posted by: Jerry Kindall
at August 2, 2005 3:41 PM
Does that mean you think all taxes are thus necessarily oppressive?
How about taxes that pay for police forces and military, to protect the country? Are those sufficiently oppressive that we'd be better off without police, or an army?
Posted by: Clive
at August 2, 2005 5:00 PM