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December 06, 2005
"Solastalgia": The sadness caused by environmental change











Here's an intriguing new word for you: "Solastalgia." It's defined as:

... the distress caused by the lived experience of the transformation of one's home and sense of belonging and is experienced through the feeling of desolation about its change. [snip]

The diagnosis of solastalgia is based on the recognition of the distress within an individual or a community about the loss of 'endemic sense of place' and the loss of a sense of control of its destiny. The positive prescription for solastalgia is personal and community involvement in the protection, restoration and rehabilitation of their place/bioregion/'country' and the return of an endemic sense of place in both individuals and communities.

In essence, solastalgia is the sadness caused by environmental change.

The concept was created by Glenn Albrecht, a professor at the School of Environmental and Life Sciences at the University of Newcastle, after he noticed the depression amongst rural farmers in drought-stricken lands. The drought had caused increased workloads, debt, and fear about future security -- and, interestingly, the small changes in their own front yards formed powerful triggers and metaphors for their despair. Albrecht's studies showed that farmer women would be enormously more upset over the loss of their gardens than their mortgage or income. ("Losing a garden is often quite dramatic," as a colleague noted. "It's often the only thing that's between them and a vast landscape of dust.")

Albrecht learned that there was no word in the English language that completely expressed this feeling, so he crafted his own: "Solastalgia" combines solacium -- solace -- with nostos , which means to "return home", and algos , or "pain".

But here's where things get interesting: Albrect designed the word to reflect the human pain wreaked by environmental damage. And obviously you could see this recently with Katrina -- or the horrific Kashmir earthquake -- where survivors' houses and towns are destroyed. But many people also feel a less-traumatic form of solastalgia for online locales, when these go through dramatic changes. My friend Morgan, who introduced me to this word, pointed out that he's felt sadness and displacement when online BBSes like The Well or Echo start to decay. I've felt it myself. You go away from an online board for a few months because you need a break, and when you come back, a once-lively zone of conversation has become abruptly depopulated. Maybe everyone got into a fight and huffed; maybe everyone got too busy to talk any more; but either way, all the folks you know aren't there and everything's oddly, disquieteningly different.

As Albrecht put it beautifully in a comment to News in Science:

"It's the homesickness you feel when you're still at home."


(Thanks to Morgan Noel for this one!)

Posted by Clive Thompson at December 06, 2005 10:07 AM

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Comments

I would only argue with the word "sad". I don't think I ever felt sad, per se. Probably because I grew up in the Calumet Region, when the steel mills were committing suicide and being murdered, so community life has always seemed to me to be in a constant state of decay. If you saw the change in the Goldblatt's department store in downtown Hammond, Ind., from 1972 through 1987, you'd know exactly what I mean. (I think it may be better now, actually.)

I think about that attitude toward decay now that I'm in South Florida, where the whole strand of Florida writers like Hiassen and Dorsey and McDonald treat with the idea of solastalgia. Though they are more explicitly about "growth" itself as "decay".

Anyway, in an online content, I'm not really sad about those things, because I usually see exactly why they happen.

And I don't think of it as an overall decay of BBSs like Echo or the Well. It happens in forums that are part of very robust larger communitites.

Posted by: MoXmas [TypeKey Profile Page] at December 6, 2005 12:22 PM

Sure, I can see how "sadness" maybe isn't precisely the correct word. It's more like a sort of existential disjointedness?

And yes, sure, I meant "decay" in the sense of individual forums (fora?) within a BBS decaying ... the entire communities of the Well and/or Echo haven't in toto decayed.

Posted by: Clive [TypeKey Profile Page] at December 6, 2005 1:44 PM

Anthropologists would probably link this to the widely discussed, yet kinda obious, human capacity for knowing, recognicing, understanding the caracter of, and relating to - places. They say our fondness for particular places and our ability and inclination to relate memories, stories and knowledge to particular loci in the landscape (rather than walking around picturing the world as a map) is a human instinct, and if you wanna be tabloid-scientific, that this instinct is particularly helpful for foragers, the tabloid-scientific bit being the "when we were hunters and gatherers"-connotation. In rural society, of course, the same phenomenon helps create identity and is an incentive for working hard at maintaining your patch, and bla bla bla.

Anyway, I couldn't find it in English anywhere, but there's a recent story about a 70 year old Norwegian farmer, Harry Moe, who yesterday ended a 41 day-long hunger strike. He started the strike because the municipality of Ørsta, in central Norway, was planning to build a road that would have taken up 4,1 dekar of his land. Now, Harry Moe lives well, like most norwegians. He would have received an appropriate financial compensation, and he is retired, so he doesn't work that land anymore anyway. When asked why he went to such dramatic measures, he answers "this is not just building a road - it's destroying food land, destroying cultural heritage, and destroying a part of me. If they think this road is worth killing for, then I think the battle is worth dying for". Yesterday, the municipality decided to postpone the issue by six years, and after conferring with his lawyer, Moe decided to start eating again, even though he is not completely happy with the outcome. He is, I guess, trying to prevent his own solastalgia. And it's a lost cause.

Sorry for the long comment. Just an a propos.

Posted by: eke [TypeKey Profile Page] at December 7, 2005 5:06 AM

How about the loss of significant industry? I moved to Buffalo two years ago, and while the general mood of the population here is positive, I have always felt an underlying sense of defeatism stemming from the closing of the steel mills. Or it could just be the Bills.

Posted by: Scott [TypeKey Profile Page] at December 7, 2005 9:22 AM

Eke, that's an excellent story! A perfect example of solastalgia.

Scott, yeah, the collapse of big steel has probably produced more of these feelings than almost anything in the US since the great depression.

Posted by: Clive [TypeKey Profile Page] at December 7, 2005 12:34 PM

Hello Morgan, Clive, eke and others. I have just found this site and figured out how to connect. It is encouraging to see the concept I have created being used in such thoughtful and interesting ways (academics worry about these things). The posting by eke is spot on ... this is exactly what I was thinking about when I created the term 'solastalgia'.

My own thinking about environmental distress was triggered by the experiences of people affected by large-scale open caste/cut coal mining in my own region (NSW Australia). One native Australian told me that he even drives unnecessary routes to avoid seeing the desolation being caused to his traditional lands by the mining activity. He told me that he gets physically ill in the presence of such environmental distress. Solastalgia has connections to both physical and mental health.

I am continuing work on the concept and will be publishing more on it soon. I hope that the journal, Alternatives (Canada), will publish a short essay that connects solastalgia to many of the themes discussed on this site.

However, the best way to have solastalgia enter the mainstream will be if people find it a useful and relevant concept in their lived experience of environmental change. It seems from the postings so far that it has the potential to make such meaningful connections. Thanks to all.

Posted by: Glenn [TypeKey Profile Page] at January 17, 2006 8:34 PM

Glenn, so cool you dropped by to post!

I'll be interested to see if your concept takes off in the mainstream. It has such obvious relevance to so many ongoing experiences around the world -- sadly, because of the environmental decay going on all the time -- that I'd suspect it's got as good a chance as any neologism. On top of that, as neologisms go, it's actually a quite beautiful and onomatopeoic word.

Posted by: Clive [TypeKey Profile Page] at January 18, 2006 10:48 AM

I meant to mention back when we were talking about this: it also fits the ongoing writing of Carl Hiaasen, in his Miami Herald column and his novels.

Posted by: MoXmas [TypeKey Profile Page] at January 18, 2006 11:15 AM

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