When I think of really impressive HD displays, they're always the ones showcasing images with super-crisp edges and vibrant colors. There's probably not that much focus on that in the majority of porn. Unless you're watching one that's just panoramic shots of some stunning mountain range, and... hey, there are a couple campers doing it down there!

And regarding the quote about being "as close to the action as possible"... Does anyone really want to be right in the middle of some cheesy porn scene?

(OK, don't answer that.)

Bleah. Yeah, precisely.

I don't personally watch porn, but if I did I wouldn't want to see it in HD. I like my sports and my TV shows in HD, but that's about it.

Is this the same class of problems that ultra-realistic video games have, the "uncanny valley" of things that are not quite real?

When HD sports programming really works, it makes you feel that you have a courtside seat. You can see the glare of lights reflecting off of the basketball court, sweat oozing from all over Shaq, how crummy the ice conditions are at a hockey game near the end of a period and so on. I'll never be able to afford courtside seats at an NBA game, and when I go to a hockey game, I'm too far away to see the expressions on players' faces, so watching a HD broadcast is something special.

On the other hand, I feel porn is best watched on a low-def display, with as little realism as possible. People watch porn to avoid reality, not look at reality with a magnifying glass.

Er.. what?

What you're really saying is that television and porn producers need to go back to film school. 35mm film has substantially better resolution than the best current HD (and yes, I know about film weave; it doesn't affect my point). There is a century of craft behind film, and I am quite certain someone with half a clue (i.e., not I) can tell you just how to shoot porn or the Emmys to preserve that necessary sense of.. of whatever. I don't watch either, and I never went to film school. Not I, remember?

The eerie valley, now that's an issue. This just says "teevee people have been using low resolution as a crutch."

There's a lot of non-HD porn that isn't flattering - you can still see razor burn, bruises and butt pimples.

Great stuff here! Tayker, wasn't the big transition to video one of the things that the porn-producer played by Burt Reynolds in Boogie Nights complained about? "Ruining the art" and all that?

As for the Uncanny Valley effect -- I've been meaning at some point to blog about the strange midpoints at which the real world meets the artificial one, deep in the Valley. By which I mean, as artificial 3D avatars of humans become more and more likelike, they pass from "looking cool" to "looking ghastly" -- because they become so close to realistic that our attention focuses on the little things that are wrong, like facial skin and muscles that don't move right. The previously "realistic" looking humans start looking like zombies. The graphics trudge deeper and deeper into the Valley.

In the real world, as people use more and more plastic surgery -- including Botox and other "noninvasive" procedures to temporarily freeze their faces and/or airbrush imperfections -- their faces, ironically, tip backwards into the Valley. By which I mean, they start off as supremely "realistic" -- they're real human faces, after all -- but then remove some of the precise things that make humans seem human, and wind up looking like ... undead zombies.

Could there be a second valley, where things look too real? In HD sports - seeing the sweat probably adds to the excitement, but do you really want to see the snot running down their chin? After all, you want to activate some mirror neurons, but not all. In other words, TV sells the fantasy of participation, not participation itself. If you wanted the real thing, you would go to the gym, the local pickup or the shower.

And another thing. In a real sport event you're never that close. Come to think of it, in a real sex event you probably don't want studio spotlights.

I'm going to assume you introduced porn into this discussion for something other than tittilation.

Most porn is viewed in private, the days of going to a grimy theatre on the wrong side of town to watch 60 minutes of soft-core Valley of the Vixens kind of stuff filmed in 35mm with cheap used equipment with soft focus lenses is long gone. How much of the stuff filmed in 35mm ended up being viewed in VHS? Why are professionals trying to produce "amateur" porn? It's because the porn viewer is trying to engage in a personal fantasy, and professional production makes that more difficult.

Why do people who shell out big bucks for high-def TV also watch YouTube video clips? It's because certain content only works in certain contexts. (or "the media are the messages")

At Mr. Thompson's invitation, I am posting an essay I wrote in response to the NYT piece. The original, with links can be seen at:

http://www.comstockfilms.com/blog/tony/2007/01/23/porn-in-hd-or-why-when-porn-sucks-the-media-sucks-on-it-harder/

Porn in HD, or Why When Porn Sucks the Media Sucks on it Harder.

“Omagawd! Now we’re going to see that pornstars have pimples and razor burn!”

Apparently that’s news enough for the New York Times to run yet another late to the party, misinformed and disinforming story about porn. Again I’m left wondering just what sort of porn the article’s author has been watching that the fact that you can see razor burns, pimples and celulite is news. Again I’m left with the suspicion that this in more of the mainstream media freebasing porn with precious little interest in the real story, or even the basic facts.

Let’s back up.

That HD is a bitch is not news. With the strong backing of the Japanese electronic giants, HD came roaring in the film and television industry about a half dozen years ago promising “almost as much resolution as film” but without the cost associated with shooting photo-chemical emulsion. But along with the convenience of a magnetic cassette form-factor, HD came with a host of production gremlins that started vexing people from the start.

Skin
Yes, HD video is higher resolution than SD video, but it’s still video. And guess what? Video doesn’t render skin very well. That’s why professional programs that are produced on video come in three basic varieties: a) the heavily made up, low-contrast world of the telesion studio (think nightly news, soap opera, or Cher infomercial, or b) the world as it happens of ENG (that’s electronic news gathering,) and, c) sports.

The harshness of HD doesn’t really matter in ENG and sports (except when they show the sportscasters). Sports and ENG are the world as it happens. If HD renders Quarterback’s or insurgent’s furrowed, wrinkled, sweaty, bleeding brow in ultra detail it just looks like more, not worse. And while HD cameras are on the heavy and expensive side to bring into a war zone (not that it doesn’t happen) HD is great for sports, and that’s where HD has had the biggest successes so far.

HD in the televison studio is another matter. Right off the bat, everyone from set designers to make-up artists were distressesd by the way HD rendered their world. But where set designers could do easy things like start using real wood and real metal instead of plastic veneers and tin-foil, make-up artist were stuck with the same flesh and blood upon which to practice their craft, there in lies the problem.

The problem is that video, whether it’s SD or HD, hates flesh and blood. If you want to make someone look terrible, there’s no better way to do it then to level a video camera at them. Where film is warm and lustrous, and takes pleasure in rendering the details that make each of us individuals, video hates skin, video hates people.

In fact, when you shoot people on video, you don’t actually shoot them at all, you cover them up with powders and lotions and pastes. With video, you don’t shoot people, you shoot their make up.

(It takes my make-up artist about easy 5 minutes to get our subjects ready for the parts of our films that are actually shot-on-film (the sex), while it takes her 30 laborious, very detail-oriented minutes to get the ready for the shot-on-vidio interview portion of our film. And while she leaves the set while we shoot the rough and tumble, sweaty, make-up smearing sex, she sits right on my shoulder during the interviews, dashing in and touching things up throughout. That’s why, despite the fact that 35mm film has vastly more resolution that HD video, there’s was never a zit and wrinkle crisis on the set of Fraiser and other shot-on-film productions.)

This fact that video (both HD and SD) sees the make-up, not the person has given rise to entirely new techniques. Brushes and puffs are too course for the all seeing eye of HD, so where photographs used to be airbrushed, now it’s the make-up is applied with an airbrush. The cost, both in time and money, for the ultra-high-end make-up you need just to make things look credible is one of the reasons I tell ultra-low-budget filmmakers they’re better of shooting film.

But it’s not the only problem with shooting HD, and maybe not the worst.

Back Focus
Michael Mann is one of the Hollywood directors who has been experimenting with HD. COLLATERAL was a hybrid production, shot on a mix of HD and film, and MIAMI VICE was shot entirely on HD. But if you know how to read between the lines, you can see how much cinematographer Dion Beebe struggled with shooting in HD.

When you combine the intense heat generated by CCD in HD camera with the ultra-critical back-focus tolerances that are part and parcel of shooting with a camera with a small focal plane, and the low-resolution view-finder, it’s hard to actually know if your keeping your image in focus, and critical viewers will notice that about half of MIAMI VICE is slightly out of focus.

Depth of Field
But even if you get the make-up right, and even you get critical focus on all your footage, the same short focal length lenses that have such critical back-focus, have nearly unlimited depth of field. Why does this matter? Because cinematography is (among other things) an excercise in controlled depth of field. Any DP’s kit includes a complete set of neutral density filters so that even the longer lenses used in 35mm cinematography can be set to wider f-stops to get the (usually) more pleasing effect of shallow depth of field. But the HD lenses used on normal and especially wider angle of view shots are so very short that even wide open they have nearly infinite depth of field

What this means is that instead of the background being pleasingly soft behind the subject, everything is razor sharp (if you haven’t lost back focus!) What that means for Michael Mann’s production is that incongruous elements in the background that could be ignored now half to be art-directed and designed.

(”Deep Focus” was a fast lens/fast stock fad cinematography style in Hollywood in the film-noir era, and in interviews Beebe did a good job of playing up how much he enjoyed working with Deep Focus, but scuttlebutt from the set says otherwise. It’s more time, it’s more money, it’s more hassle, and it still doesn’t look as good as shooting on film.)

So if all these HD headaches aren’t new, why is it suddenly news in the world of porn? Why is the Times writing about it now? The answer comes in the form of a camera that you can buy at any electronics store for $3,500.

HDV isn’t HD
For the last several years some very few porn higher-end productions have been shot on HD, and they’ve struggled with the same HD gremlins as the rest of the film and television industry. But the $1000/day it costs to rent an HD camera package was out of reach of 99% of porn productions. 99% of porn is shot on a $2,500 DV camera, like a Sony PD150 or similar. With no bargain basement imaging tool to ply their trade, the vast majority of pornographers were stuck in SD land while the rest of the film and television world marched steadily toward HD.

But in 2006 something happened that saved their asses.

In early 2006 Sony released the Z1, the HDV successor to the Sony VX1000, the $3,500 DV camera that launched a thousand extra shabby, shot-on-video porn productions. Like the VX1000, the Z1 is a $3,500 hobbyist camera dressed up to look a little like its professional siblings that cost five or ten or 20 times more, and it’s marketed to people who want to have the latest and in consumer electronics, and a veneer of professional features, but aren’t really in the market for a professional camera. (In the bizz the category is known as “prosumer”.)

The porn industry couldn’t wait to get their hands on the Z1. Porn directors snapped up the Z1 and overnight “shot on HD” started appearing on boxcovers. (The ‘adult industry’ has never been shy about putting misleading or false information on their boxcovers.)

The problem is that the Z1 and other HDV handicams suffer from most of the same limitations at the VX1000 and it’s decendents (PD150, DV100, etc). They have the same tiny focal plane with the attendant back-focus and depth of field problems, because it’s video, it sees make-up not skin, etc. By and larger, footage produced on the Z1 is indistinguishable from footage produced on similar SD video cameras like the PD170 or DVX100. Because the cameras used are virtually the same, and the people using the cameras are the same, these HDV-shot porn films are practically indistinguishable from their DV-shot counterparts.

Except when they’re worse.

HDV is not HD. In fact, it’s no wherenear HD. Because the HDV codec only has as much bandwidth (25 mbps) as the DV codec to try and fill the HD pixel matrix, HDV is compressed six times as much as DV. Like the DV codec, the HDV codec has massive spacial compression, but in addition it also has massive (and not very effective) temporal MPEG compression, that has to be done in real time, in the camera. The only way to achieve cheap, real time MPEG compression in handicam is to sacrifice quality.

Compounding the HDV codec’s low-quality compression, the Z1 uses a “witch’s brew” of field doubling and interlacing to achieve 24fps footage. (The same frame rate as film and real HD cinematogphy.)

What this means is that high motion footage (like people having vigorous sex) will often have more (highly visible) compression artifacting than equivalent DV footage. It’s bad when HDV acquired footage is shown in SD, and even worse when HDV acquired footage is shown in HD-DVD or BlueRay, which you can expect to start happening soon.

No one outside of porn (except apparently the NYT) regards HDV as HD. No one outside the porn industry confuses HDV with HD. And just as cheap DV handicams have overwhelmingly been the tool of the porn trade, cheap HDV handicams will weapon of choice as the porn world moves from DVD to HD-DVD and/or Blueray.

But you won’t read that in the Times article. The prospect of titillating their readers with “serious reporting” on razor burn on pornstars’ pussies and pimples on pornstars asses is too much for even the Old Grey Lady to resist. Even my buddy Andrew Sullivan couldn’t resist.

Now, thanks to the Old Grey Lady’s porn habit, 99% of the public thinks that porn is on the very cutting edge of imaging technology, while the fact is that 99% of “HD” porn is shot on a hobbyest HDV camera – a camera that is more or less the same as the one your uncle pulls out and embarrasses you with at any and all family functions. (The exact same if your uncle is one those people who has to have the latest and greatest consumer electronics gadgets.)

Who wins? Well the Times wins. Their porn articles are well-read, and that’s more ad dollars. The “adult industry” wins; thanks to the Times it’s now on the record that porn is on the cutting edge yet again. And the consumer electronics companies win. Go Get Your HDTV Now!

Who loses? Well maybe nobody, or at least nobody who matters.

There’s no saying for sure how fast player prices are going to come down, but if I had to guess, I’d say our films will be available on Blueray and/or HD-DVD by next year. Next to shot on these HDV or even HD productions, our shot-on-film/mastered in (real) HD films are going to look better than ever!

Maybe the only person who loses is the viewer who goes out and gets a 42 inch plasma screen and HD-DVD player, loads up the latest HD(V) porn production, and then wonders why porn looks worse than ever.

Yish, your point re: snot -- yes, and, ew.

rglasel, yes, precisely: Different media formats, different messages. Then again, given the explosion in online porn delivery, I'm puzzled as to why any market in porn DVDs exists at all. Maybe it's a privacy thing? A family has only one computer out in the open, and Dad/Mom/Jimmy/Jennifer can't easily view their smut in secrecy, so possibly a DVD offers other, more private options.

Tony, that's incredibly interesting stuff -- didn't know most of it! Thanks for posting it!

"The biggest problem is razor burn," said Stormy Daniels, an actress, writer and director.

OMG that is so funny... But I can think of a lot more wrong with high-def porn than razor burn...